2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)不同临床分型患者胸部CT影像学特征

目的: 探讨2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）不同临床分型患者的胸部CT影像学特征。方法: 收集经核酸检测确诊为COVID-19的患者67例，根据《新型冠状病毒感染肺炎诊疗方案（试行第六版）》对患者进行临床分型，其中轻型3例，普通型35例，重型22例，危重型7例。分析和比较不同临床分型患者的胸部CT影像学特征。结果: 轻型患者胸部CT影像学检查无明显异常。普通型患者中，单发病灶3例（8.6%），多发病灶32例（91.4%）；重型患者中，单发病灶1例（4.5%），多发病灶21例（95.5%）；危重型患者均为多发病灶。普通型患者胸部CT影像以实性斑片影伴晕征为主要表现（18/35，51.4%）；重型患者以条索影伴磨玻璃影为主要表现（7/22，31.8%）；以实变影为主要表现共7例，全部为重型或危重型患者。结论: COVID-19不同临床分型患者胸部CT影像学有特征性表现，以实变影为主要病灶的影像学特征可作为重型和危重型患者的指征之一。     

Targeting USP1‐dependent KDM4A protein stability as a potential prostate cancer therapy

The histone demethylase lysine‐specific demethylase 4A (KDM4A) is reported to be overexpressed and plays a vital in multiple cancers through controlling gene expression by epigenetic regulation of H3K9 or H3K36 methylation marks. However, the biological role and mechanism of KDM4A in prostate cancer (PC) remain unclear. Herein, we reported KDM4A expression was upregulation in phosphatase and tensin homolog knockout mouse prostate tissue. Depletion of KDM4A in PC cells inhibited their proliferation and survival in vivo and vitro. Further studies reveal that USP1 is a deubiquitinase that regulates KDM4A K48‐linked deubiquitin and stability. Interestingly, we found c‐Myc was a key downstream effector of the USP1‐KDM4A/androgen receptor axis in driving PC cell proliferation. Notably, upregulation of KDM4A expression with high USP1 expression was observed in most prostate tumors and inhibition of USP1 promotes PC cells response to therapeutic agent enzalutamide. Our studies propose USP1 could be an anticancer therapeutic target in PC.     

Graph Convolutional Network Based on Manifold Similarity Learning

In the area of large-scale graph data representation and semi-supervised learning, deep graph-based convolutional neural networks have been widely applied. However, typical graph convolutional network (GCN) aggregates information of neighbor nodes based on binary neighborhood similarity (adjacency matrix). It treats all neighbor nodes of one node equally, which does not suppress the influence of dissimilar neighbor nodes. In this paper, we investigate GCN based on similarity matrix instead of adjacency matrix of graph nodes. Gaussian heat kernel similarity in Euclidean space is first adopted, which is named EGCN. Then biologically inspired manifold similarity is trained in reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS), based on which a manifold GCN (named MGCN) is proposed for graph data representation and semi-supervised learning with four different kernel types. The proposed method is evaluated with extensive experiments on four benchmark document citation network datasets. The objective function of manifold similarity learning converges very quickly on different datasets using various kernel functions. Compared with state-of-the-art methods, our method is very competitive in terms of graph node recognition accuracy. In particular, the recognition rates of MGCN (Gaussian kernel) and MGCN (Polynomial Kernel) outperform that of typical GCN about 3.8% on Cora dataset, 3.5% on Citeseer dataset, 1.3% on Pubmed dataset and 4% on Cora_ML dataset, respectively. Although the proposed MGCN is relatively simple and easy to implement, it can discover local manifold structure by manifold similarity learning and suppress the influence of dissimilar neighbor nodes, which shows the effectiveness of the proposed MGCN.

     

中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞比值对根治性前列腺切除术患者生化复发的影响

目的探究接受根治性前列腺切除术治疗的患者,其中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞比值(NLR)与生化复发(BCR)的关系。方法回顾性收集2009年1月至2017年12月于四川大学华西医院接受根治性前列腺切除术(RP)的620例前列腺癌患者的临床资料。运用单因素与多因素Cox回归分析、限制性3次样条回归分析和趋势性检验分析NLR与BCR的关系,用分层分析进一步讨论手术入路、肿瘤大小和前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)水平对NLR与BCR关系的影响。结果术前升高的NLR不会导致BCR(P=0.31)。然而,亚组分析显示,在中等PSA水平组中,升高的NLR可导致BCR风险增加(HR=1.12,95%CI:1.04~1.20,P=0.04)。在经腹腔入路手术的患者中,较高的NLR更容易导致BCR(HR=1.05,95%CI:0.99~1.11,P=0.02)。对于那些肿瘤体积中等(HR=1.06,95%CI:0.93~1.20,P=0.03)或较大(HR=1.02,95%CI:0.94~1.10,P=0.03)的患者,BCR风险可随着NLR的升高而增加。结论对于经腹腔入路手术、肿瘤大小中等或较大、中等PSA水平的患者,生化复发风险与NLR呈正相关。     

近端血流阻断加压技术在硬脊膜动静脉畸形血管内治疗中的应用

目的探讨近端血流阻断加压技术在硬脊膜动静脉畸形(SDAVF)血管内治疗中应用的安全性和有效性。方法回顾性分析2017年2月至2018年9月海军军医大学附属长海医院神经外科采用血管内治疗的6例SDAVF患者的临床资料。所有患者术中均应用近端血流阻断加压技术,其中1例因未能完全栓塞,改为显微外科手术治疗。术后即刻行数字减影血管造影(DSA),以判断栓塞情况。对所有患者行门诊或电话随访,随访内容为行Aminoff-Logue评分,判断脊髓功能的恢复情况;门诊随访的患者同时复查脊髓MRI,以判断栓塞情况。结果6例患者的手术均成功。术后即刻DSA显示,5例完全栓塞,1例瘘口残留。所有患者术后均未出现永久性神经系统并发症;其中1例术中造影显示肋间动脉夹层的患者,采用弹簧圈闭塞近端肋间动脉后复查胸椎CT,显示肋间肌内血肿形成,术后持续胸背部疼痛3 d后缓解。6例患者中,5例为门诊随访,1例为电话随访;中位随访时间(范围)为5.5个月(4.0~22.0个月)。术后3个月,6例患者的Aminoff-Logue评分均较术前降低[(2.0±0.7)分、(4.0±1.5)分,P<0.05];脊髓功能得到明显改善。术中因拔管困难而留置体内的1例患者,术后6个月随访时无相关并发症。经显微手术治疗的1例患者出院后10个月行DSA随访,未见瘘口显影。结论初步推测近端血流阻断加压技术在SDAVF血管内治疗中是安全、有效的。     

微创Nuss手术治疗儿童漏斗胸的研究进展

漏斗胸是一种胸壁凹陷性畸形,Nuss手术是治疗漏斗胸的一种微创手术,具有创伤小、操作简便、并发症少、手术效果良好等优点,已成为治疗漏斗胸的首选术式。随着Nuss手术的不断改良以及腔镜技术的提高,Nuss手术的适用范围不断扩大,胸腔镜辅助Nuss手术在临床应用广泛。作者在Pubmed、万方数据、中国知网等数据库,以漏斗胸、Nuss手术、手术治疗为关键词,查阅相关文献,将微创Nuss手术治疗漏斗胸的概况、技术要点、争议及改良方法等作一综述。虽然Nuss手术的发展给漏斗胸患儿带来福音,但其临床应用的具体问题和中远期疗效仍需进一步研究。     

Complications and reoperations after surgery for 647 patients with spine metastatic disease

Background Context

Postoperative morbidity may offset the potential benefits of surgical treatment for spine metastatic disease; hence, risk factors for postoperative complications and reoperations should be taken into considerations during surgical decision-making. In addition, it remains unknown whether complications and reoperations shorten these patients' survival.